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Long Island Comm Hospital At Nyu Langone Health

101 Hospital Road
Patchogue, NY 11772
EIN: 111704595
Individual Facility Details: Long Island Community Hospital
101 Hospital Road
E Patchogue, NY 11772
1 hospital in organization:
(click a facility name to update Individual Facility Details panel)
Bed count306Medicare provider number330141Member of the Council of Teaching HospitalsNOChildren's hospitalNO

Long Island Comm Hospital At Nyu Langone HealthDisplay data for year:

Community Benefit Spending- 2021
(as % of functional expenses, which all tax-exempt organizations report on Form 990 Schedule H)
9.08%
Spending by Community Benefit Category- 2021
(as % of total functional expenses)
* = CBI denoted preventative categories
Community Benefit Spending Compared to Functional Expenses, 2010-2021
Additional data

Community Benefit Expenditures: 2021

  • All tax-exempt organizations file a Form 990 with the IRS for every tax year. If the tax-exempt organization operates one or more hospital facilities during the tax year, the organization must attach a Schedule H to Form 990. On Part I of Schedule H, the organization records the expenditures it made during the tax year for various types of community benefits; 9 types are shown on this web tool. By default, this web tool presents community benefit expenditures as a percentage of the organization’s functional expenses, which it reports on Form 990, Part IX, Line 25, Column A. (The more commonly heard term, ‘total operating expenses’, which organizations report to CMS, is generally about 90% of the ‘functional expenses’). The user may change the default to see the dollar expenditures.

    • Operating expenses$ 256,105,426
      Total amount spent on community benefits
      as % of operating expenses
      $ 23,251,233
      9.08 %
  • Amount spent in the following IRS community benefit categories:
      • Financial Assistance at cost
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 3,334,765
        1.30 %
        Medicaid
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 13,276,610
        5.18 %
        Costs of other means-tested government programs
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 0
        0 %
        Health professions education
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 2,307,121
        0.90 %
        Subsidized health services
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 4,096,667
        1.60 %
        Research
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 0
        0 %
        Community health improvement services and community benefit operations*
        as % of operating expenses
        Note: these two community benefit categories are reported together on the Schedule H, part I, line 7e.
        $ 236,070
        0.09 %
        Cash and in-kind contributions for community benefit*
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 0
        0 %
        Community building*
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 0
        0 %
    • * = CBI denoted preventative categories
    • Community building activities details:
        • Did tax-exempt hospital report community building activities?Not available
          Number of activities or programs (optional)0
          Physical improvements and housing0
          Economic development0
          Community support0
          Environmental improvements0
          Leadership development and training for community members0
          Coalition building0
          Community health improvement advocacy0
          Workforce development0
          Other0
          Persons served (optional)0
          Physical improvements and housing0
          Economic development0
          Community support0
          Environmental improvements0
          Leadership development and training for community members0
          Coalition building0
          Community health improvement advocacy0
          Workforce development0
          Other0
          Community building expense
          as % of operating expenses
          $ 0
          0 %
          Physical improvements and housing
          as % of community building expenses
          $ 0
          Economic development
          as % of community building expenses
          $ 0
          Community support
          as % of community building expenses
          $ 0
          Environmental improvements
          as % of community building expenses
          $ 0
          Leadership development and training for community members
          as % of community building expenses
          $ 0
          Coalition building
          as % of community building expenses
          $ 0
          Community health improvement advocacy
          as % of community building expenses
          $ 0
          Workforce development
          as % of community building expenses
          $ 0
          Other
          as % of community building expenses
          $ 0
          Direct offsetting revenue$ 0
          Physical improvements and housing$ 0
          Economic development$ 0
          Community support$ 0
          Environmental improvements$ 0
          Leadership development and training for community members$ 0
          Coalition building$ 0
          Community health improvement advocacy$ 0
          Workforce development$ 0
          Other$ 0

    Other Useful Tax-exempt Hospital Information: 2021

    • In addition to community benefit and community building expenditures, the Schedule H worksheet includes sections on what percentage of bad debt can be attributable to patients eligible for financial assistance, and questions on the tax-exempt hospital's debt collection policy. When searching a specific tax-exempt hospital in this web tool, Section II provides information about bad debt and the financial assistance policy, and whether the state in which the tax-exempt hospital resides has expanded Medicaid coverage under the federal ACA.

      • Of the tax-exempt hospital’s overall operating expenses, amount reported as bad debt
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 5,142,930
        2.01 %
        Is the tax-exempt hospital considered a "sole community hospital" under the Medicare program?NO
    • Information about the tax-exempt hospital's Financial Assistance Policy and Debt Collection Policy

      The Financial Assistance Policy section of Schedule H has changed over the years. The questions listed below reflect the questions on the 2009-2011 Schedule H forms and the answers tax-exempt hospitals provided for those years. The Financial Assistance Policy requirements were changed under the ACA. In the future, as the Community Benefit Insight web site is populated with 2021 data and subsequent years, the web tool will also be updated to reflect the new wording and requirements. In the meantime, if you have any questions about this section, we encourage you to contact your tax-exempt hospital directly.

      • Does the organization have a written financial assistance (charity care) policy?YES
        Did the tax-exempt hospital rely upon Federal Poverty Guidelines (FPG) to determine when to provide free or discounted care for patients?YES
        Amount of the tax-exempt hospital’s bad debt (at cost) attributed to patients eligible under the organization’s financial assistance (charity care) policy
        as % of operating expenses
        $ 0
        0 %
    • Did the tax-exempt hospital, or an authorized third party, take any of the following collection activities before determining whether the patient was eligible for financial assistance:
      • Reported to credit agencyNot available
    • Under the ACA, states have the choice to expand Medicaid eligibility for their residents up to 138% of the federal poverty guidelines. The Medicaid expansion provision of the ACA did not go into effect until January 2014, so data in this web tool will not reflect each state's current Medicaid eligibility threshold. For up to date information, please visit the Terms and Glossary under the Resources tab.

      • After enactment of the ACA, has the state in which this tax-exempt hospital is located expanded Medicaid?YES
    • The federal poverty guidelines (FPG) are set by the government and used to determine eligibility for many federal financial assistance programs. Tax-exempt hospitals often use FPG guidelines in their Financial Assistance policies to determine which patients will qualify for free or discounted care.

      • If not, is the state's Medicaid threshold for working parents at or below 76% of the federal poverty guidelines?Not available
    • In addition to the federal requirements, some states have laws stipulating community benefit requirements as a result of tax-exemption. The laws vary from state to state and may require the tax-exempt hospitals to submit community benefit reports. Data on this web tool captures whether or not a state had a mandatory community benefit reporting law as of 2011. For more information, please see Community Benefit State Law Profiles Comparison at The Hilltop Institute.

      • Does the state in which the tax-exempt hospital is located have a mandatory community benefit reporting statute?YES

    Community Health Needs Assessment Activities: 2021

    • The ACA requires all 501(c)(3) tax-exempt hospitals to conduct a Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) every three years, starting with the hospital's tax year beginning after March 23, 2012. The 2011 Schedule H included an optional section of questions on the CHNA process. This web tool includes responses for those hospitals voluntary reporting this information. The web tool will be updated to reflect changes in these questions on the 2012 and subsequent Schedule H forms.

      • Did the tax-exempt hospital report that they had conducted a CHNA?YES
        Did the CHNA define the community served by the tax-exempt hospital?YES
        Did the CHNA consider input from individuals that represent the broad interests of the community served by the tax-exempt hospital?YES
        Did the tax-exempt hospital make the CHNA widely available (i.e. post online)?YES
        Did the tax-exempt hospital adopt an implementation strategy to address the community needs identified by the CHNA?YES

    Supplemental Information: 2021

    This section presents qualitative information submitted by the hospital, verbatim from the 990H record.
    • Statement of Program Service Accomplishments
      Description of the organization's program service accomplishments for each of its three largest program services, as measured by expenses. Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations are required to report the amount of grants and allocations to others, the total expenses, and revenue, if any, for each program service reported.
    • 4A (Expenses $ 130516247 including grants of $ 0) (Revenue $ 137723378)
      INPATIENT CARE SERVICES - INCLUDES MEDICAL/SURGICAL PROCEDURES, PEDIATRICS, MATERNITY, ICU, CCU, NURSERY, ROUTINE AND PSYCHIATRIC CARE. TOTAL 2021 INPATIENT DAYS: 52,689
      4B (Expenses $ 47249336 including grants of $ 0) (Revenue $ 46243989)
      EMERGENCY ROOM SERVICES - AVAILABLE TO THE COMMUNITY 24 HOURS, 7 DAYS A WEEK. TOTAL 2021 TREAT AND RELEASE VISITS: 43,536
      4C (Expenses $ 21629159 including grants of $ 0) (Revenue $ 22506133)
      AMBULATORY SURGERY SERVICES - AVAILABLE TO THE COMMUNITY. TOTAL 2021 PROCEDURES: 4,742
      Facility Information
      Schedule H (Form 990) Section C. Supplemental Information for Part V, Section B.
      PART V, SECTION B, LINE 5:
      THE HOSPITAL HAS ESTABLISHED A LEADERSHIP POSITION IN HEALTH PROMOTION, PREVENTION AND EDUCATION THROUGHOUT THE COMMUNITY. REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH A NUMBER OF AGENCY CONTACTS INCLUDING THE SUFFOLK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, MENTAL HEALTH AGENCIES AND THE NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. IN ADDITION, THE HOSPITAL WORKS CLOSELY WITH THE SUFFOLK COUNTY POLICE DEPARTMENT. LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL IS DEDICATED TO COMMUNICATING WITH KEY STAFF AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS, AS THE HOSPITAL PREPARES TO PLAN FOR THE FUTURE HEALTH CARE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE WE SERVE. FOCUS GROUPS ARE HELD PERIODICALLY, WHICH INCLUDE MEETING WITH THE MEDICAL STAFF, MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, COMMUNITY MEMBERS, THE WEST ISLIP BREAST CANCER COALITION, THE SOUTHAMPTON BREAST CANCER COALITION, HOSPITAL ADVISORY COUNCIL, WHO ARE THE VOICE OF THE COMMUNITY AND HOLD POSITIONS ON VARIOUS COMMUNITY BASED SERVICE GROUPS. THESE CONSTITUENTS HAVE THE ABILITY TO COLLECT INFORMATION FROM VARIED PERSPECTIVES. THE HOSPITAL'S ABILITY TO COLLECT INFORMATION FROM THESE GROUPS AND TRANSLATE THE DIALOG INTO A NEEDS ASSESSMENT IS A VALUABLE RESOURCE TO THE HOSPITAL AS WELL AS THE COMMUNITY.
      PART V, SECTION B, LINE 6A & 6B:
      IN 2016, LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL ALONG WITH ALL LONG ISLAND HOSPITALS AND BOTH COUNTY DEPARTMENTS OF HEALTH ON LONG ISLAND CONVENED TO WORK COLLABORATIVELY ON THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT. OVER TIME, THIS SYNDICATE GREW INTO AN EXPANSIVE MEMBERSHIP OF ACADEMIC PARTNERS, COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS, PHYSICIANS AND OTHER COMMUNITY LEADERS WHO HOLD A VESTED INTEREST IN IMPROVING COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SUPPORTING THE NYS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH PREVENTION AGENDA. DESIGNATED THE LONG ISLAND HEALTH COLLABORATIVE, THIS MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ENTITY HAS BEEN MEETING MONTHLY TO WORK COLLECTIVELY TOWARD IMPROVING HEALTH OUTCOMES FOR LONG ISLANDERS. THE LONG ISLAND HEALTH COLLABORATIVE WAS AWARDED THE POPULATION HEALTH IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (PHIP) GRANT BY THE NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. THE PHIP IS A DATA-DRIVEN ENTITY, PLEDGED TO PURSUE THE NEW YORK STATE OF HEALTH'S PREVENTION AGENDA, MAKING THE PROGRAM A NATURAL DRIVER FOR THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT CYCLE. DATA ANALYSIS EFFORTS WERE COORDINATED THROUGH THE POPULATION HEALTH IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, WITH THE PHIP SERVING AS THE CENTRALIZED DATA RETURN AND ANALYSIS HUB. THE COMMUNITY SERVICE PLAN IS AVAILABLE ON THE HOSPITAL'S WEBSITE AT HTTPS://LICOMMUNITYHOSPITAL.ORG/ABOUT-LONG-ISLAND-COMMUNITY-HOSPITAL/COMMU NITY-SERVICE-PLAN/
      PART V, SECTION B, LINE 7D:
      OUR COMMUNITY AGENCIES AND PARTNERS WILL ALSO DISTRIBUTE OUR COMMUNITY SERVICE PLAN TO THEIR PARTICIPANTS.
      PART V, SECTION B, LINE 10A:
      The Community Service Plan is available on the hospital's website at https://licommunityhospital.org/about-long-island-community-hospital/commu nity-service-plan/
      PART V, SECTION B, LINE 11:
      THE FOCUS OF LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL IS TO DELIVER ACCESSIBLE, HIGH-QUALITY HEALTH SERVICES IN A FOCUSED CARING AND TEACHING ENVIRONMENT WHILE PROVIDING HEALTH ADVOCACY FOR THE COMMUNITY AND PEOPLE SERVED. IN 2020 THESE NEEDS WERE ADDRESSED THROUGH VARIOUS HOSPITAL INITIATIVES AND COMMUNITY EVENTS. LI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL REPRESENTATIVES ATTENDED IN PERSON OPPORTUNITIES AT VARIOUS SERVICE AND FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS, SCHOOLS, AND BUSINESSES. THESE EVENTS WERE OFFERED TO PROVIDE AWARENESS AND EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL ON A VARIETY OF DIFFERENT TOPICS AS WELL AS SERVICES OFFERED BY THE HOSPITAL, AND INCLUDED BUT WERE NOT LIMITED TO: A) ADDRESSING STUDENTS AND STAFF AT THE WILLIAM FLOYD SCHOOL DISTRICT REGARDING VARIOUS RADIOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY PROCEDURES AND CAREERS, STOP THE BLEED TRAINING, AND ZOOM MEETINGS FOR LUNG CANCER AWARENESS. B) PARTICIPATING IN VARIOUS FOOD, TOY, AND CLOTHING DRIVES IN ASSOCIATION WITH ISLAND OUTREACH AND THE SALVATION ARMY. C) PARTNERING WITH VARIOUS LIBRARIES TO PRESENT CPR & AED TRAINING, STOP THE BLEED TRAINING, DIABETES, AND NUTRITION EDUCATION, AND COPING WITH ANXIETY & STRESS DURING THE PANDEMIC. D) HOLDING DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT CLASSES, DIABETES SUPPORT GROUP MEETINGS, AND DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM SESSIONS. E) HOSTING A COMMUNITY BLOOD DRIVE AND SEVERAL INSTALLATION DINNERS FOR LOCAL CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE. F) PRESENTED COVID-19 PANDEMIC UPDATES TO THE COMMUNITY.
      PART V, SECTION B, LINE 23:
      THE HOSPITAL WILL BILL ALL UNINSURED PATIENTS AT GROSS CHARGES. ALL UNINSURED PATIENTS ARE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO APPLY FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE. PRIOR TO ANY EXTENUATING COLLECTION EFFORTS, PATIENTS WHO HAVE NOT APPLIED FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ARE SCREENED FOR PRESUMPTIVE CHARITY CARE.
      PART V, SECTION B, LINE 24:
      NO, ALL INDIVIDUALS DEEMED ELIGIBLE FOR THE HOSPITAL'S FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ARE BILLED AT MEDICARE PROSPECTIVE RATES.
      Supplemental Information
      Schedule H (Form 990) Part VI
      PART I, LINE 3B:
      THE PERCENT OF FPG USED BY LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL TO CALCULATE DISCOUNTED CARE STARTS AT 200% (90% DISCOUNT) AND GOES TO 425% (10% DISCOUNT).
      PART III, LINE 2:
      THE EXPLANATION OF THE METHODOLOGY USED TO ESTIMATE THE PROVISION FOR BAD DEBTS CAN BE FOUND IN FOOTNOTE (3) ON PAGE 15 AND FOOTNOTE 5 ON PAGES 24 THROUGH 27 OF THE ATTACHED AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
      PART III, LINE 4:
      THE TEXT OF THE FOOTNOTE THAT DESCRIBE BAD DEBT EXPENSE CAN BE FOUND ON PAGE 14 AND FOOTNOTE 5 ON PAGES 22 THROUGH 25 OF THE ATTACHED AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
      PART III, LINE 8:
      1) ALL OF THE SHORTFALL ON PART III, SECTION B, LINE 7 SHOULD BE CONSIDERED A COMMUNITY BENEFIT. 2) MEDICARE ALLOWABLE COSTS ARE CALCULATED ON THE HCFA 2552 MEDICARE COST REPORT WORKSHEET E, PART A.
      PART III, LINE 9B:
      LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL HAS A FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE POLICY. THE HOSPITAL FURTHER MAINTAINS A COLLECTION POLICY TO USE OUTSIDE PROFESSIONAL COLLECTION AGENCIES ONLY AS A LAST RESORT TO SETTLE DELINQUENT PATIENT ACCOUNTS. THE HOSPITAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE POLICY IS TO PROVIDE CARE TO UNINSURED/UNDERINSURED PATIENTS WHO MEET CERTAIN CRITERIA UNDER THE HOSPITAL'S CHARITY CARE POLICY WITHOUT CHARGE OR AT AMOUNTS LESS THAN CURRENT ESTABLISHED RATES. PATIENT ELIGIBILITY FOR PARTIAL CHARITY CARE IS CALCULATED BASED ON A SLIDING FEE SCALE OF FAMILY INCOME ADJUSTED FOR THE SIZE OF THE FAMILY. THE HOSPITAL'S PATIENT FINANCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT MAKES A WRITTEN DETERMINATION OF ELIGIBILITY AFTER REVIEWING APPLICATIONS AND INFORMATION SUBMITTED TO SUPPORT FAMILY INCOME REPORTED. BASED UPON INCOME AND FAMILY SIZE, THE HOSPITAL MAY DETERMINE THAT PATIENTS MAY QUALIFY FOR MEDICAID BENEFITS, AND MAY FIRST NEED TO APPLY FOR MEDICAID OR CHILD HEALTH PLUS PROGRAM FOR THE UNINSURED BEFORE A DETERMINATION WILL BE MADE UNDER OUR CHARITY CARE POLICY. THE HOSPITAL'S CHARITY CARE POLICY IS TO PROVIDE FREE OR DISCOUNTED EMERGENT AND NON EMERGENT NECESSARY CARE FOR UNINSURED AND UNDERINSURED PATIENTS RESIDING IN SUFFOLK AND NASSAU COUNTIES, AS WELL AS EMERGENTCARE TO PATIENTS RESIDING IN ALL OTHER AREAS OF NEW YORK STATE. IF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE IS APPROVED FOLLOWING THE APPLICATION PROCESS, A CLEAR EXPLANATION OF BALANCE DUE AND HOW THE DECISION WAS DERIVED IS SUPPLIED. MONTHLY PAYMENT PLANS CAN BE ARRANGED, NOT TO EXCEED 10% OF THE APPLICANT'S MONTHLY GROSS INCOME. IF THE APPLICANT DEFAULTS ON A FINANCIAL AGREEMENT WITH THE HOSPITAL, THE ACCOUNT IN QUESTION WILL BE CONSIDERED DELINQUENT AND MAY BE REFERRED TO A COLLECTION AGENCY/LEGAL ACTION. APPLICANT HAS THE RIGHT TO APPEAL THE HOSPITAL'S DECISION ON ELIGIBILITY OF CHARITY CARE WITHIN 30 DAYS OF NOTIFICATION OF NONELIGIBILITY.
      Part VI, Line 2: Needs Assessment
      IN 2013, LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL ALONG WITH ALL LONG ISLAND HOSPITALS AND BOTH COUNTY DEPARTMENTS OF HEALTH ON LONG ISLAND CONVENED TO WORK COLLABORATIVELY ON THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT. OVER TIME, THIS SYNDICATE GREW INTO AN EXPANSIVE MEMBERSHIP OF ACADEMIC PARTNERS, COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS, PHYSICIANS AND OTHER COMMUNITY LEADERS WHO HOLD A VESTED INTEREST IN IMPROVING COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SUPPORTING THE NYS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH PREVENTION AGENDA. DESIGNATED THE LONG ISLAND HEALTH COLLABORATIVE, THIS MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ENTITY HAS BEEN MEETING MONTHLY TO WORK COLLECTIVELY TOWARD IMPROVING HEALTH OUTCOMES FOR LONG ISLANDERS. THE LONG ISLAND HEALTH COLLABORATIVE WAS AWARDED THE POPULATION HEALTH IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (PHIP) GRANT BY THE NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. THE PHIP IS A DATA-DRIVEN ENTITY, PLEDGED TO PURSUE THE NEW YORK STATE OF HEALTH'S PREVENTION AGENDA, MAKING THE PROGRAM A NATURAL DRIVER FOR THE COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT CYCLE. DATA ANALYSIS EFFORTS WERE COORDINATED THROUGH THE POPULATION HEALTH IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, WITH THE PHIP SERVING AS THE CENTRALIZED DATA RETURN AND ANALYSIS HUB. AS DIRECTED BY THE DATA RESULTS, COMMUNITY PARTNERS SELECTED CHRONIC DISEASE AS THE PRIORITY AREA WITH A FOCUS ON (1) OBESITY AND (2) PREVENTIVE CARE AND MANAGEMENT FOR THE 2016-2018 CYCLE. THE GROUP ALSO AGREED THAT MENTAL HEALTH SHOULD BE HIGHLIGHTED AS AN AREA OF OVERLAY WITHIN ALL INTERVENTION STRATEGIES. THIS AREA, MENTAL HEALTH, IS BEING ADDRESSED THROUGH ATTESTATION AND VISIBLE COMMITMENT TO THE DSRIP. THERE ARE FOUR PPS DOMAIN PROJECTS (4.A.I, 4.A.II, 4.A.III) ALIGNED WITH ADDRESSING THESE ISSUES. PRIORITIES SELECTED IN 2016 REMAIN UNCHANGED FROM THE 2016 SELECTION; HOWEVER, A STRONGER EMPHASIS HAS BEEN PLACED ON THE NEED TO INTEGRATE MENTAL HEALTH THROUGHOUT INTERVENTION STRATEGIES. MENTAL HEALTH HAS BEEN HIGHLIGHTED AS A FOCUS AREA OF GROWING NEED, WHICH WILL BE ADDRESSED BY THE NASSAU QUEENS PERFORMING PROVIDER SYSTEM AND SUFFOLK CARE COLLABORATIVE, DSRIP PERFORMING PROVIDER SYSTEMS AS THEY INTEGRATE DOMAIN 4 PROJECTS. PRIMARY DATA SOURCES COLLECTED AND ANALYZED INCLUDE THE LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT SURVEY, QUALITATIVE DATA FROM COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATION SUMMIT EVENTS AND THE LIHC WELLNESS SURVEY. SECONDARY, PUBLICALLY-AVAILABLE DATA SETS HAVE BEEN REVIEWED TO DETERMINE CHANGE IN HEALTH STATUS AND EMERGING ISSUES WITHIN SUFFOLK COUNTY. SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA INCLUDE: STATEWIDE PLANNING AND RESEARCH COOPERATIVE SYSTEM (SPARCS), NEW YORK STATE PREVENTION AGENDA DASHBOARD, COUNTY HEALTH RANKINGS, BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (BRFSS), EXTENDED BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (EBRFSS) AND NEW YORK STATE VITAL STATISTICS. THE BROAD COMMUNITY WAS ENGAGED IN ASSESSMENT EFFORTS THROUGH DISTRIBUTION AND COMPLETION OF THE PREVENTION AGENDA COMMUNITY-MEMBER SURVEY (APPENDIX). THIS TOOL WAS DEVELOPED IN CONSENSUS BY COMMUNITY PARTNERS FROM THE LONG ISLAND HEALTH COLLABORATIVE AND DESIGNED USING THE PREVENTION AGENDA FRAMEWORK. AVAILABLE IN BOTH ONLINE AND HARDCOPY FORMAT, THIS SURVEY WAS TRANSLATED INTO CERTIFIED LATIN AMERICAN-SPANISH LANGUAGE. LIHC COMMUNITY PARTNERS HAVE DISPLAYED AN EXEMPLARY COMMITMENT TO DISTRIBUTING AND PROMOTING THE SURVEY TO A DIVERSE-RANGE OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS AT A VARIETY OF LOCATIONS. DISTRIBUTION AND PROMOTION OF THIS SURVEY IS OCCURRING THROUGHOUT A WIDE-RANGE OF SOCIAL SERVICE LOCATIONS INCLUDING HOSPITALS, DOCTOR'S OFFICES, HEALTH DEPARTMENTS, LIBRARIES, SCHOOLS, INSURANCE ENROLLMENT SITES, COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS AND BEYOND. LONG ISLAND HEALTH COLLABORATIVE MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS ARE SPEARHEADING COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES BY ENSURING THAT THEIR FRONT-LINE SERVICE DEPARTMENTS ARE HANDING SURVEYS OUT TO COMMUNITY MEMBERS. IN ADDITION, LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL PROMOTED THE SURVEY THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA EFFORTS, POSTED LINKS ON THEIR WEBSITE AND DISTRIBUTED SURVEYS AT HEALTH CENTER, COMMUNITY OUTREACH HAS LONG BEEN A MAINSTAY FOR LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL. LICH'S OUTREACH PROGRAM PARTICIPATES IN COMMUNITY HEALTH FAIRS, WITH SENIOR AND COMMUNITY CENTERS, AS WELL AS CIVIC ASSOCIATIONS THROUGHOUT THE REGION. LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL IS ALSO AN ACTIVE MEMBER OF EIGHT CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE IN THE COMMUNITY. MEMBERSHIP WITH THESE CHAMBERS AFFORDS LICH THE OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN OF THE NEEDS OF THE WORKFORCE AND BUSINESS LEADERS IN THE COMMUNITY. LI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL HAS A STRONG PRESENCE IN THE CIVIC AND SERVICE CLUBS, (E.G. KIWANIS, ROTARY CLUB, LIONS,) HOUSES OF WORSHIP, THE YMCA AND BOYS AND GIRLS CLUB, LOCAL GOVERNMENT HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICE PROGRAMS, THE SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES, SENIOR LIVING COMMUNITIES AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. THROUGH ITS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL COMMUNICATES ON A REGULAR BASIS WITH THE 28 VOLUNTARY EMS, EMT AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS IN ITS SERVICE AREA. THESE VOLUNTEER DEPARTMENTS PROVIDE AN INVALUABLE SERVICE TO THE COMMUNITY. AS THE 911 RESPONDERS IN THE COMMUNITY, THEY ARE INTIMATELY FAMILIAR WITH THE NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITY. THROUGH REGULAR DIALOGUE, LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL LEARNS OF THE UNMET NEEDS IN THE COMMUNITY AND IS ABLE TO ASSESS ITS ABILITY TO MEET THOSE NEEDS OR PROVIDE CONNECTIONS TO AVAILABLE SERVICES. TO COLLECT INPUT FROM COMMUNITY MEMBERS AND MEASURE THE COMMUNITY-PERSPECTIVE AS TO THE BIGGEST HEALTH ISSUES IN SUFFOLK COUNTY, THE LIHC DEVELOPED A REGIONAL SURVEY CALLED THE LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT SURVEY. THIS SURVEY WAS DISTRIBUTED VIA SURVEY MONKEY AND HARD COPY FORMATS. THE SURVEY WAS WRITTEN WITH ADHERENCE TO CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY APPROPRIATE STANDARDS (CLAS). IT WAS TRANSLATED INTO CERTIFIED SPANISH LANGUAGE AND LARGE PRINT COPIES WERE AVAILABLE TO THOSE LIVING WITH VISION IMPAIRMENT. SURVEY DISTRIBUTION BEGAN AMONG LIHC MEMBERS IN JANUARY 2016, WITH 3,910 SURVEYS COLLECTED FROM SUFFOLK COUNTY RESIDENTS. BASED UPON THE TOTAL POPULATION OF SUFFOLK COUNTY, SURVEY TOTALS ASSUME A CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF 95% AND CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF 1.57. INITIAL ANALYSIS TOOK PLACE IN MARCH 2016, A SECONDARY ANALYSIS TOOK PLACE IN JUNE 2016, AND A THIRD ANALYSIS TOOK PLACE IN NOVEMBER 2016. LIHC MEMBERS HAVE PLAYED AN INTEGRAL ROLE IN ENSURING SURVEYS ARE DISTRIBUTED WHILE MAINTAINING VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY AMONG RESPONSES. LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT SURVEYS WERE DISTRIBUTED BOTH BY PAPER, AND ELECTRONICALLY THROUGH SURVEY MONKEY, TO COMMUNITY MEMBERS. ON MARCH 21ST 2016, JUNE 2ND 2016, AND NOVEMBER 1ST 2016, THE PHI P DATA ANALYST DOWNLOADED RESULTS FROM EACH OF THE SURVEY MONKEY COLLECTORS. DATA FINDINGS BY SURVEY QUESTION: WHEN ASKED WHAT THE BIGGEST ONGOING HEALTH CONCERNS IN THE COMMUNITY WHERE YOU LIVE ARE: 1. SUFFOLK COUNTY RESPONDENTS FELT THAT DRUGS AND ALCOHOL ABUSE, CANCER, AND OBESITY/WEIGHT LOSS WERE THE TOP THREE CONCERNS. THESE THREE CHOICES REPRESENTED ROUGHLY 46% OF THE TOTAL RESPONSES 2. WHEN ASKED WHAT THE BIGGEST ONGOING HEALTH CONCERNS FOR YOURSELF ARE: SUFFOLK COUNTY RESPONDENTS FELT THAT OBESITY/WEIGHT LOSS, WOMEN'S HEALTH AND WELLNESS, AND CANCER WERE THE TOP THREE CONCERNS. THESE THREE CHOICES REPRESENTED ROUGHLY 40% OF THE TOTAL RESPONSES. FINDINGS FROM QUESTIONS 1 AND 2 OF THE LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT SURVEY SERVED AS ONE DATA-DRIVER FOR SELECTION OF THE PRIORITY AREAS FOR THE 2016-2018 COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENTS. AN ADDITIONAL FOCUS OF THIS SURVEY TOOL EXPLORED BARRIERS TO CARE, COMMUNITY NEEDS AND EDUCATION OR HEALTH SERVICES. THE NEXT QUESTION SOUGHT TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL BARRIERS THAT PEOPLE FACE WHEN GETTING MEDICAL TREATMENT: 3. SUFFOLK COUNTY RESPONDENTS FELT THAT NO INSURANCE, INABILITY TO PAY CO-PAYS OR DEDUCTIBLES, AND FEAR WERE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS. THESE CHOICES RECEIVED ROUGHLY 55% OF THE TOTAL RESPONSES. 4. WHEN ASKED WHAT WAS MOST NEEDED TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF YOUR COMMUNITY: SUFFOLK COUNTY RESPONDENTS FELT THAT DRUG AND ALCOHOL REHABILITATION SERVICES, HEALTHIER FOOD CHOICES, AND JOB OPPORTUNITIES WERE MOST NEEDED. THESE CHOICES ACCOUNTED FOR 40% OF THE TOTAL RESPONSES. 5. WHEN ASKED WHAT HEALTH SCREENINGS OR EDUCATION SERVICES ARE NEEDED IN YOUR COMMUNITY: SUFFOLK COUNTY RESPONDENTS FELT THAT DRUG AND ALCOHOL, MENTAL HEALTH/DEPRESSION, AND EXERCISE/PHYSICAL ACTIVITY SERVICES WERE MOST NEEDED. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: THE DISTINCT AND CUMULATIVE PREVENTION AREAS BY RANKING TABLES, DISPLAYED BELOW, OUTLINE THE NEW YORK STATE PREVENTION AGENDA PRIORITY AREAS RANKED IN ORDER FROM HIGHEST TO LOWEST RATE OF MARKED SIGNIFICANCE OF CONCERN AMONG PARTICIPANTS. SUMMIT PARTICIPANTS REPORTED CHRONIC DISEASE AS THE MOST SIGNIFICANT HEALTH PROBLEM SEEN WITHIN THE COMMUNITIES, THEY SERVE IN SUFFOLK COUNTY. IN LOOKING AT DISTINCT PREVENTION AGENDA CATEGORIES, 30.9% OF QUOTATIONSINDICATED CHRONIC DISEASE BEING A PRIORITY AREA. DISTINCT PREVENTION AREAS BY RANKING REFLECTS THE NUMBER OF QUOTATIONS WHERE THE FOCUS AREA IS MENTIONED AT LEAST ONCE AND COUNTED
      Part VI, Line 3: PATIENT EDUCATION OF ELIGIBILITY FOR ASSISTANCE
      FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE SIGNS ARE POSTED IN BOTH ENGLISH AND SPANISH IN PATIENT FINANCIAL SERVICES, THE EMERGENCY ROOM, AND OUTPATIENT REGISTRATION AREAS. APPLICATIONS AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE POLICY ARE PART OF THE ADMISSION/DISCHARGE PACKETS FOR UNINSURED PATIENTS, SUPPLIED IN DIRECT RESPONSE TO INQUIRIES MADE TO PATIENT FINANCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT, IS REFERENCED ON BILLS SENT TO ALL SELF-PAY PATIENTS/GUARANTORS.
      Part VI, Line 5: PROMOTION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
      "LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL (LICH) is a voluntary, not-for-profit community hospital in Patchogue, Suffolk County, New York. Long Island Community Hospital has maintained a commitment to providing access to quality health care since its founding in 1956. Long Island Community Hospital has grown from a 100-bed hospital founded to meet the needs of the Village of Patchogue, to a Medical Center with an operating license for 306 beds that serves the lives of more than 375,000 people living in 28 different communities. The 2019-2021 Community Service Plan will provide an overview of the hospital, its cooperation with the Long Island Health Collaborative, Suffolk County Department of Health, Nassau Suffolk Hospital Council and the hospitals of Suffolk County to develop a systematic approach to developing plans for providing access to care for the community for the upcoming years. We provide care through a 306-bed acute-care hospital that's part of a multidisciplinary, multi-campus, state-of-the-art healthcare complex, designed to meet the evolving needs of the 28 Suffolk County communities we serve. LICH is in the process opening a state-of-the-art cardiac care center (Knapp Cardiac Care Center) that will further enhance the services and meet the needs of our community. While much has changed since we first opened our doors to the community in 1956, our patient-centered approach to healthcare remains as strong as ever. Today, we are home to some of the finest centers for specialized care along with a Level III Trauma Center/Emergency Room, two Community Behavioral/Chemical Dependency Health Centers in cooperation with Hudson River Health, and more. The Medical Center also was the first in the county to establish a Certified Home Health Care Department, a Hospice and an outpatient Hemodialysis unit and is a leader in health education throughout the community. LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL was founded by a community focused Board of Directors and continues with more than 23 members from the community who serve on the governing Board. In addition, the hospital established an Advisory Council to receive further input to the needs of the community's residents. There are more than 24 members on the Advisory Council. Members are typically active in other areas of the community and including: civic leaders, members of the clergy, school representatives, public health advocates, business leaders and service club members. In 2013, Long Island Community Hospital along with all Long Island Hospitals and both County Departments of Health on Long Island convened to work collaboratively on the community health needs assessment. Over time, this syndicate grew into an expansive membership of academic partners, community-based organizations, physicians and other community leaders who hold a vested interest in improving community health and supporting the NYS Department of Health Prevention Agenda. Designated The Long Island Health Collaborative, this multi-disciplinary entity has been meeting monthly to work collectively toward improving health outcomes for Long Islanders. The Long Island Health Collaborative was awarded the Population Health Improvement Program (PHIP) grant by the New York State Department of Health. The PHIP is a data-driven entity, pledged to pursue the New York State of Health's Prevention Agenda, making the program a natural driver for the Community Health Needs Assessment cycle. Data analysis efforts were coordinated through the Population Health Improvement Program, with the PHIP serving as the centralized data return and analysis hub. As directed by the data results, community partners selected Chronic Disease as the Priority Area with a focus on (1) Obesity and (2) Preventive Care and Management for the 2016-2018 cycle. In 2019, members of the Long Island Health Collaborative reviewed extensive data sets selected from both primary and secondary data sources to identify and confirm Prevention Agenda priorities for the 2019-2021 Community Health Needs Assessment cycle. Data analysis efforts were coordinated through the Long Island Health Collaborative, which served as the centralized data return and analysis hub. As directed by the data results, community partners selected: 1. Prevent Chronic Disease Focus Area 4: Chronic Disease Preventive Care and Management 2. Promote Well-Being and Prevent Mental and Substance Use Disorders Focus Area 2: Mental and Substance Use Disorders Prevention The health disparity in which partners are focusing their efforts rests on the inequities experienced by those in low-income neighborhoods. As such, low-income - one social determinant of health - precludes members from low-income communities from accessing preventive and/or medical care due to their difficulty to afford co-payments/deductibles (if insured) or care at all if they are uninsured. Additionally, financially-stressed individuals have difficulty affording nutritious foods, leaving them more vulnerable to poorer chronic disease management outcomes, since nutrition and diet play a pivotal role in almost every chronic disease. Priorities selected in 2019 remain unchanged from the 2016 selection; however, for 2019, a specific priority regarding mental health and substance use was selected, as opposed to placing an overarching emphasis on these two issues as was done in the previous cycle. This is in response to the raging opioid crisis in both counties. New York State Department of Health statistics report that for 2016 in Suffolk County there were 344 deaths from any opioid, 129 heroin overdose deaths, and 192 deaths from synthetic opioids (other than methadone). There is also a surge in mental health issues and suicides, particularly among the youth population. Priorities selected in 2013 remain unchanged from the 2016 selection; however, a stronger emphasis has been placed on the need to integrate Mental Health throughout Intervention Strategies. Mental health has been highlighted as a focus area of growing need, which will be addressed by the Nassau Queens Performing Provider System and Suffolk Care Collaborative, DSRIP Performing Provider Systems as they integrate Domain 4 projects. Primary data sources collected and analyzed include the Long Island Community Health Assessment Survey, Qualitative Data from Community-Based Organization Summit events and the LIHC Wellness survey. Secondary, publically-available data sets have been reviewed to determine change in health status and emerging issues within Suffolk County. Sources of secondary data include: Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), New York State Prevention Agenda dashboard, County Health Rankings, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Extended Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (eBRFSS) and New York State Vital Statistics. The following entities will collaborate with LICH to assist with attainment of goals and objectives of the public health priorities: LICH - Diabetes Wellness Center: In partnership with The New York State Diabetes Prevention Program (NYS DPP), LICH hosts free education programs provided by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services. Pre-diabetes is a serious health condition that can lead to diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Most people with pre-diabetes don't know that they have the condition. In 2006, LICH developed the Diabetes Wellness Center with the support of the Suffolk County Lions Diabetes Education Foundation sclionsdiabetes.org and Lions International. The Center has a Diabetes Self-Management Education Program and offers a series of educational programs ""Living Well While Managing Your Diabetes"" for those learning to manage with diabetes in their life. The classes are held at LI Community Hospital Diabetes Wellness Center located 109 W. Main Street, Patchogue, NY 11772. For more information please call 631.687.4188. Long Island Conmmunity Hospital - Bellport Primary Care Center: LICH has opened a primary care center in Bellport which is close to the main hospital. This primary care center has a strong focus on prevention and education, especially in the areas of diabetes, hypertension, tobacco cessation, obesity, mental health and substance abuse, women's health and cardiovascular education. Located in close proximity to the Bellport Primary Care Center is the Boys and Girls Club of Bellport Area facility. BPPC and the Club collaborate to provide better health and lifestyle choices for the residents of the community. Community-Based Patient Advisory Council: LICH realizes the tremendous value of having a community-based Patient Advisory Council (PAC). In 2014, LICH selected a diverse group of community members who can provide us information and feedback about the programs and services offered. LI Community Hospital Breast Cancer Survivorship Coalition: LICH recognizes the impact that Breast cancer can have on not just the patient but the family and is working with community members to supp"
      Part VI, Line 6: AFFILIATED HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
      Not applicable.
      Part VI, Line 4: COMMUNITY INFORMATION
      THE COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT COVERS SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK. SUFFOLK COUNTY'S SERVICE AREA IS SITUATED EAST OF THE NASSAU COUNTY BORDER, EXTENDING THROUGH THE EASTERN FORKS OF LONG ISLAND. IT COMPRISES TEN TOWNS: BABYLON, HUNTINGTON, ISLIP, SMITHTOWN, BROOKHAVEN, SOUTHAMPTON, RIVERHEAD, EAST HAMPTON, SHELTER ISLAND AND SOUTHOLD. SUFFOLK COUNTY IS AN AREA OF GROWING DIVERSITY, CULTURES AND POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS. LONG ISLAND COMMUNITY HOSPITAL SERVES THE NEEDS OF 28 TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN SUFFOLK COUNTY. LI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL'S PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SERVICE AREA CENSUS IS 375,000 PERSONS. IT INCLUDES BROOKHAVEN (ONE OF THE FASTEST GROWING TOWNS IN NEW YORK), AND EXPANDS FROM WEST TO EAST FROM SAYVILLE TO MORICHES AND NORTH TO CORAM AND SELDEN. CURRENTLY THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF HOSPITAL VISITS ORIGINATE FROM THE TOWN OF PATCHOGUE, WHICH IS ETHNICALLY DIVERSE AND INCLUDES A HIGH NUMBER OF MINORITIES. THE INDIVIDUAL MEDIAN INCOME THAT ON AVERAGE IS 25 PERCENT LESS THAN OTHER SUFFOLK COUNTY RESIDENTS. CENSUS DATA NOTES AN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE FOR THE 28 COMMUNITIES OF 6.73% WITH SEVERAL AREAS OVER 10% INCLUDING BROOKHAVEN, WEST SAYVILLE, AND MASTIC BEACH. THE POVERTY RATE FOR OUR COMMUNITY IS AT 7.69% WHICH IS WELL ABOVE STATE AND COUNTY AVERAGES WITH SEVERAL COMMUNITIES WITH RATES IN EXCESS OF 10 PERCENT INCLUDING BELLPORT AT 16.9%, MASTIC BEACH AT 17.5%, MASTIC AT 13.2%, PATCHOGUE AT 12.4% AND YAPHANK AT 11.1%. WHILE THE COUNTY HAS AREAS OF WEALTH, THE POPULATION SERVED BY THE MEDICAL CENTER CONTAINS 7 OUT OF 10 COMMUNITIES WITH THE LOWEST MEDIAN INCOME IN SUFFOLK COUNTY. APPROXIMATELY 102,000 INDIVIDUALS IN SUFFOLK COUNTY LIVE BELOW THE FEDERAL POVERTY LEVEL. WITH 28,800 LIVING IN OUR CATCHMENT AREA THAT APPROXIMATES 28% OF THE TOTAL. DATA PRESENTED WITHIN CHNA REPORT DEMONSTRATES THE EXISTENCE OF VAST HEALTH DISPARITIES STEMMING FROM A WIDE RANGE OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS. OUR FINDINGS INDICATE THE REALITY OF THE LINKAGE OF HEALTH DISPARITIES TO A VARIETY OF SOCIAL FACTORS INCLUDING RACE, ETHNICITY, GENDER, LANGUAGE, AGE, DISABILITIES, AND FINANCIAL SECURITY AMONG OTHERS. ELIMINATION OF SUCH DISPARITIES IS A PRIORITY THROUGHOUT THE LONG ISLAND REGION AS BRIDGING OF GAPS AND SERVICES WILL ULTIMATELY IMPROVE HEALTH OUTCOMES AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR COMMUNITY MEMBERS. AS NOTED PREVIOUSLY THE SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF OUR CATCHMENT AREA SHOWS UNEMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY RATES WELL ABOVE THE LONG ISLAND AND SUFFOLK COUNTY AVERAGES. THE MASTIC BEACH AREA HAS AN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE OF 10.8%, POVERTY RATE OF 17.5% AND 17.8% OF THEIR RESIDENCE ARE RECEIVING CASH PUBLIC ASSISTANCE AND OR FOOD STAMPS. BELLPORT IS ANOTHER COMMUNITY IN NEED WITH UNEMPLOYMENT AT 6.1% BUT THE POVERTY LEVEL IS AT 16.9% AND HOUSEHOLD ASSISTANCE NEED IS AT 11.64%. THE BROOKHAVEN BELLPORT PRIMARY CARE CENTER WAS OPENED TO SUPPORT THE NEEDS OF THIS COMMUNITY AND WE ARE WORKING WITH COMMUNITY GROUPS, THE BOYS AND GIRLS CLUB AS WELL AS MANY AREA CHURCHES AND ORGANIZATIONS TO PUBLICIZE OUR PRESENCE. PLANS ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO ESTABLISH A SIMILAR FACILITY IN THE SHIRLEY/MASTIC AREA. SOURCE U.S. CENSUS BUREAU: STATE AND COUNTY QUICKFACTS. DATA DERIVED FROM POPULATION ESTIMATES, AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY, CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, STATE AND COUNTY HOUSING UNIT ESTIMATES, COUNTY BUSINESS PATTERNS, NON-EMPLOYER STATISTICS, ECONOMIC CENSUS, SURVEY OF BUSINESS OWNERS, BUILDING PERMITS.